PM

BACKGROUND@#Particulate matter (PM) < 2.5 μm (PM@*METHODS@#We obtained DNA methylation and exercise data of 496 participants (aged between 30 and 70 years) from the Taiwan Biobank (TWB) database. We also extracted PM@*RESULTS@#DLEC1 methylation and PM@*CONCLUSIONS@#We found significant positive associations between PM

Motivation for different physical activities: a comparison among sports, exercises and body/movement practices / Motivação para prática de diferentes atividades físicas: uma comparação entre esportes, exercícios e práticas corporais / Motivation pour les activités physiques: une comparaison entre les différents sports, exercices et pratiques corporelles / Motivaciones para la práctica de diferentes actividades físicas: una comparación entre deportes, ejercicios y prácticas corporales

Abstract Despite the well-known benefits for health, low levels of physical activity (PA) remain a public health issue. Research on motives for engaging in different PA shows differences in motives for Sports and Exercises. However, few studies addressed motives using more categories of PA. In this research, we investigated motives for four categories of PA (Individual Sports, Collective Sports, Exercises, and Body/Movement Practices), and possible effects of sex and age among 1,420 physically active individuals. Respondents answered the Motivation for Physical Activity Measure Revised. Intrinsic motives were higher for Sports, while Exercisers were motivated more extrinsically. Body/Movement Practices, although being composed of several activities defined by previous studies as Exercises, showed a motivational pattern closer to Sports. Fitness/Health motivation increased with age, while Appearance motivation decreased. Regarding sex, women reported higher Interest/Enjoyment than men. Our results can have implications for physical activities promotion, especially considering more categories than Sports/Exercises in the context of different motives.

Resumo Apesar de amplamente conhecidos os benefícios à saúde relacionados à prática de atividade física (AF), o baixo nível de participação segue sendo um problema de saúde pública. Pesquisas anteriores mostraram diferenças motivacionais consistentes entre Esportes e Exercícios. Entretanto, poucos estudos focaram em categorizações mais amplas. Nesta pesquisa, investigamos motivações para prática de quatro categorias de AFs (Esportes Individuais, Esportes Coletivos, Exercícios e Práticas Corporais), assim como possíveis efeitos do sexo e idade em 1.420 indivíduos fisicamente ativos, os quais responderam à Medida de Motivação para Atividade Física Revisada (Motivation for Physical Activity Measure Revised). As motivações intrínsecas foram maiores para os Esportes, enquanto as extrínsecas para os Exercícios. A categoria de Práticas Corporais, embora composta por várias atividades definidas como Exercícios por estudos anteriores, mostrou um padrão motivacional mais próximo dos Esportes. A motivação de Condicionamento/Saúde aumentou com a idade, enquanto a de Aparência seguiu o padrão inverso. Com relação ao sexo, as mulheres reportaram maior Interesse/Prazer que os homens. Nossos resultados podem ter implicações para a promoção de atividades físicas, sobretudo ao se considerar categorias mais abrangentes que Esportes/Exercícios e sua associação às diferentes motivações para prática.

Résumé Malgré les bénéfices bien connus des activités sportives (PA), leur faibles niveau de pratique reste un problème de santé publique. Les motifs de la pratique des Pas sont différents pour les sports et les exercices. Cependant, peu d'études ont abordé les motifs de la pratique des PAs en utilisant des catégories plus nombreuses. Dans cet article, nous étudions les motivations pour quatre catégories de PAs (sport individuel, sport collectif, exercices, et pratiques corporelles), et les effets possibles du sexe et de l'âge parmi 1420 individus actifs physiquement. Les participants ont répondu au questionnaire de mesure révisée de la motivation pour les activités physique (MPAMR). Les motivations intrinsèques furent supérieures pour les sports, alors que les praticants des exercices physiques furent plus motivés extrinsèquement. Les pratiques corporelles, bien que composées de plusieurs activités définies dans d'autres études comme exercices, ont montrés un patron de motivations plus proches des sports. Les motivations lié à la santé/forme physique augmentent avec l'âge, alors que les motivations liée à l'apparence diminuent. En ce qui concerne le sexe, les femmes rapportent un intérêt/attrait plus fort que les hommes. Nos résultats sont importants pour la promotion des activités sportives, en particulier quand il s'agit de considérer des catégories autres que les sports et les exercices dans le contexte de l'étude des différentes motivations.

Resumen Los bajos niveles de actividad física (AF) continúan siendo un asunto de salud pública, a pesar de ser bien conocidos sus beneficios para la salud. La investigación sobre los motivos para participar en distintas AFs muestra diferencias en la motivación hacia los deportes y ejercicios. Sin embargo, pocos estudios han abordado los motivos para practicar AFs usando más categorías de AF. En este estudio investigamos las motivaciones hacia cuatro categorías de AFs (Deportes Individuales, Deportes Colectivos, Ejercicios y Prácticas Corporales) y los posibles efectos de la edad y el sexo, en una muestra de 1420 individuos físicamente activos. Los participantes respondieron la Medida de la Motivación para la Actividad Física- Revisada (Motivation for Physical Activity Measure Revised). La motivación intrínseca fue más alta para los Deportes mientras que la motivación extrínseca primó en el Ejercicio. La Prácticas Corporales, a pesar de estar compuestas por actividades previamente definidas como Ejercicios, mostraron un patrón motivacional más cercano a los Deportes. La motivación Aptitud/Salud aumentó con la edad, mientras que la motivación por la Apariencia disminuyó. En cuanto al sexo, las mujeres relataron mayor Interés/Diversión que los hombres. Nuestr Motivaciones, Deporte, Ejercicio, Práctica Corporal os resultados pueden tener implicaciones en la promoción de las actividades físicas, especialmente al considerar otras categorías además de Deportes/Ejercicios en el contexto de las diferencias de motivación.

Feasibility Analysis of Removal of Alkaloids from Processing Wastewater of Aconiti Radix by Flocculation / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective: To investigate the removal effect of 5 kinds of common flocculants on 6 kinds of toxic alkaloids in processing wastewater of Aconiti Radix. Method: HPLC was employed to determine contents of 6 kinds of alkaloids in the processing wastewater of Aconiti Radix before and after flocculation.The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-tetrahydrofuran(25:15)-0.1 mol·L-1 ammonium acetate solution(each 1 L contains 0.5 mL of glacial acetic acid) for gradient elution, volume flow rate was 1.0 mL·min-1, detection wavelength was 235 nm.The removal characteristics and effects of five common flocculants of ferric chloride, aluminum sulfate, polymeric ferric sulfate, polyaluminum chloride/polyacrylamide(PAC/PAM) and sodium polyacrylate were compared and preliminarily optimized. Result: The 5 kinds of flocculants had certain selectivity for different types of alkaloids, and the removal of 6 kinds of alkaloids showed obvious differences.Among them, the PAC/PAM attenuated relative superiority, when the pH 6, adding amount of 0.25 g·L-1 and PAC-PAM dosing ratio of 30:1, comprehensive removal effect was relatively good, removal rates of mesaconitine and hypaconitine was 85.4%and 58.3%, respectively. Conclusion: The flocculation method can be used as a pretreatment process to reduce the toxicity of processing wastewater of Aconiti Radix.

Recovery and Utilization of Alkaloids in Processing Wastewater of Aconiti Radix / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective: To optimize the recovery technology for 6 kinds of toxic alkaloids in the toxic wastewater from processing of Aconiti Radix with macroporous resin. Method:With the rates of adsorption and elution of benzoylmesaconine,benzoylaconine,benzoylhypaconine,mesaconitine,hypaconitine and aconitine as indexes,static and dynamic adsorption-elution tests were used to select the best one from 15 kinds of macroporous resin,and the recovery technology parameters of six toxic alkaloids in the wastewater from processing of Aconiti Radix were optimized. Result:D101 macroporous resin had a good adsorption and elution effect on 6 kinds of toxic alkaloids in the wastewater from processing of Aconiti Radix,its optimum technology conditions were as follows:each gram of macroporous resin could be used to treat processing wastewater from 4.3 g of Aconiti Radix,the sample loading speed was not higher than 3.0 mL·min-1,the resin column was eluted with 6 BV of 70% ethanol after removing impurities with 2 BV of water.The recoveries of benzoylmesaconine,benzoylaconine,benzoylhypaconine,mesaconitine, hypaconitine and aconitine were 98.03%,94.09%,96.53%,78.15%,85.40% and 70.57%,respectively. Conclusion:D101 macroporous resin can be used for detoxification treatment of processing wastewater of Aconiti Radix,at the same time,6 kinds of alkaloids are effectively recovered,which can solve the environmental problems and create certain economic benefits,and the optimized process conditions are stable and feasible.

Effect of different partial pressure of oxygen on the clinical outcome of pulmonary hypertension induced by meconium aspiration syndrome / 中国小儿急救医学

Objective To study the role of partial pressure of oxygen in the treatment of pulmonary hypertension induced by meconium aspiration syndrome. Methods Retrospective analysis was performed on 58 patients with meconium aspirate and pulmonary hypertension from January 1,2007 to December 31,2016, 28 patients in the death group,and 30 patients in the survival group. Blood gas analysis about two groups of children with mechanical ventilation were collected at four different time points:before mechanical ventilation ( 0 h) ,12 hours after mechanical ventilation,24 hours after mechanical ventilation and 72 hours after mechan-ical ventilation. The 80 mmHg(1 mmHg=0. 133 kPa) in blood gas analysis of the partial pressure of oxygen was used as the boundary point to study the effects about different blood oxygen partial pressures on the length of mechanical ventilation time in the survival group. Results Blood gas analysis showed that there were no significant differences in pH,partial pressure of oxygen,HCO3-,and lactic acid before mechanical ventilation in the two groups,but the pH values were significantly higher in the survival group after 12 h, 24 h,and 72 h of mechanical ventilation(t values:-2. 07,-3. 48,-7. 11;P <0. 05). Partial pressure of oxygen were higher in the surviving group at 12 h,24 h,and 72 h than those in the death group(t values-2. 87,-4. 88,-11. 29; P<0. 05). The HCO3-values of the survival group at 12 h,24 h and 72 h were higher than the death group, and the differences were statistically significant ( t values: -3. 90, -5. 60,-5. 76,P<0. 001). The lactic acid of survival group was significantly lower than the death group at 72 h after ventilation (t=5. 12,P<0. 001). Compared with the death group,partial pressure of carbon dioxide in 24 h,72 h decreased significantly in the surviving group(t values:5. 67,7. 60;P<0. 05). In the surviving group,the partial pressure of oxygen was maintained above 80 mmHg in 18 patients and the mechanical venti-lation time was (7. 17 ± 1. 95) d. The partial pressure of oxygen was below 80 mmHg in 12 patients of the surviving group and the mechanical ventilation time was (8. 67 ± 2. 50)d. The difference was statistically sig-nificant(t =12. 02,P <0. 001). Conclusion In the treatment of newborn with pulmonary hypertension caused by meconium aspiration,maintaining a higher pH value and a partial pressure of oxygen higher than 80 mmHg may be beneficial to the recovery of children with pulmonary hypertension.

A review on neonatal acute respiratory distress syndrome / 中国当代儿科杂志

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a common clinical critical disease and is one of the main causes of death and disability in neonates. The etiology and pathogenesis of neonatal ARDS are complicated. It is an acute pulmonary inflammatory disease caused by the lack of pulmonary surfactant (PS) related to various pathological factors. It is difficult to distinguish neonatal ARDS from other diseases. At present, there is no specific treatment method for this disease. Respiratory support, PS replacement, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, nutrition support and liquid management are main treatment strategies. This paper reviews the research advance in etiology, clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatment strategies of neonatal ARDS.

Establishment of 43-plex SNP Typing System and Its Forensic Application / 法医学杂志

Objective To evaluate the application of 43-plex SNP typing system in forensic science. Methods The typing of 43 SNP loci in 123 unrelated Han individuals from East China was detected by MALDI-TOF-MS. The application value of 43-plex SNP typing system was assessed according to the foren-sic parameters of population genetics. Results All the 43 SNP loci of 123 individuals showed no signifi-cant departure from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P>0.05). Excepted rs1355366, rs2270529, rs10776839 and rs938283, there were 39 SNP loci had minor allele frequencies (MAF), which were greater than 0.25. Among the 25 loci MAFs, 24 ranged from 0.4 to 0.5, while 3 were close to 0.4. The DP, CDP, PIC, Ho, PEtrio and PEduo of the 43 SNP loci were 0.2901-0.6544, 1-9.8×10-11, 0.1708-0.5000, 0.1557-0.5935, 0.0854-0.2500 and 0.0146-0.1250, respectively. The CPEtrio and CPEduo were 0.999986 and 0.9924361, respectively. Conclusion The 43-plex SNP typing system in present study shows a high polymorphism, which can be an effective supplement and verification for traditional STR genetic markers. It also can be used with other commercial kits for the forensic paternity testing and individual identification.

Improvement effect of berberine on acute lung injury and inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide and its mechanism / 吉林大学学报(医学版)

Objective: To establish the acute lung injury (ALI) mouse models induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and to investigate the protective effect of berberine on ALI and its mechanism in vivo. Methods; A total of 40 C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into control group, LPS group, berberine + LPS group and berberine group (n=10). The mice in control group were treated with saline; the mice in LPS group were treated with 5 mg · kg-1 LPS for 6 h; the mice in berberine +LPS group were pretreated with 50 mg · kg-1 berberine for 5 d before LPS treatment, then treated by 5 mg · kg-1 LPS for 6 h; the mice in berberine group were pretreated with 50 mg · kg-1 berberine for 5 d. The morphology of lung tissue of the mice in various groups were detected by HE staining. The ratios of wet to dry weights of lung tissue of the mice in various groups were detected. The concentrations of total protein and the number of effusion cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of the mice in various groups were detected; the levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in BALF of the mice in various groups were detected by ELISA method; the reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in lung tissue of the mice in various groups were detected by dihydreethidium (DHE) method. The mitochondrial membrane potential in lung tissue of the mice in various groups were detected by JC-1 method. The expression levels of Bcl-2 and Bax proteins in lung tissue of the mice in various groups were detected by Western blotting method, and the ratios of Bcl-2/Bax were caculated. Results; Compared with control group, the inflammatory cell infiltration of lung interstitium and the alveolar space of the mice in LPS group were significantly increased, and the alveolar wall was thickened, the ratio of wet to dry weight of lung tissue was significantly increased (P<0. 01), the level of total protein (P<0. 05) and the number of exudation cells in BALF were increased (P<0. 01), the levels of TNF-a and IL-6 in BALF were significantly increased (P<0. 01), the ROS level in lung tissue was increased, the mitochondrial membrane potential in lung tissue was decreased (P<0.01), and the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 in lung tissue was increased (P<0. 01). Compared with LPS group, the inflammatory changes of lung tissue of the mice in berberine + LPS group were improved, the ratio of wet to dry weight of lung tissue was decreased (P<0. 05), the level of total protein and the number of exudation cells in BALF were increased (P<0. 05), the levels of TNF-a and IL-6 in BALF were decreased (P<0. 01), the ROS level in lung tissue was decreased, the mitochondrial membrane potential in lung tissue was increased (P<0. 05), and the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 in lung tissue was decreased (P< 0. 05). Conclusion; Berberine could improve the degrees of LPS-induced ALI and inflammation of the mice, and the mechanism might be related to reduction of the ROS level and protection of mitochondrial function in lung tissue.

Based on cAMP-CREB-BDNF pathway to explore mechanism of antidepressant effect of Bupleuri Radix and Paeoniae Alba Radix drug pair / 中草药

Objective To investigate the antidepressant effect of Bupleuri Radix and Paeoniae Alba Radix drug pair based on the cAMP-CREB-BDNF pathway. Methods The rat depression model was established by CUMS. The contents of cAMP, p-CREB, BDNF, and PDE4 in rat hippocampal and cAMP levels in rat plasma were determined by ELISA. The expression of BDNF mRNA in hippocampus, hypothalamus, and cortex were measured by RT-PCR. Results Compared with the model group, the positive drug group and Bupleuri Radix and Paeoniae Alba Radix drug pair can reverse the cAMP content in the hippocampus and plasma and the decreased contents of CREB and BDNF in the rat hippocampus. At the same time, the positive drug group, Bupleuri Radix, and Paeoniae Alba Radix can increase the expression of BDNF mRNA in hippocampus, cortex, and hypothalamus of rats. Conclusion The Bupleuri Radix and Paeoniae Alba Radix drug pair has obviously antidepressant effect on CUMS rat model, which can achieve antidepressant effect by regulating cAMP-CREB-BDNF pathway.

Antidepressant effects of Jiaotai Pills based on NO-cGMP signal transduction pathway in chronic mild unpredictable stress depression rats / 中草药

Objective To investigate the effect of Jiaotai Pills on antidepressants in chronic mildly unpredictable stress (CUMS) depression model rats based on nitric oxide-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (NO-cGMP) signal transduction pathway. Methods The depression model of rats was induced by CUMS. On day 21 of the experiment, the rats in each group were treated with continuous ig administration for 14 d. The concentrations of NO and cGMP in hippocampus and plasma of rats were detected by Elisa method. The mRNA expression of NO synthase (including iNOS and nNOS) and NMDA receptor subunits NR1, NR2A, and NR2B in rat hippocampus was detected by RT-PCR. Results Compared with the control group, the levels of NO and cGMP in the hippocampus and plasma in the model group were significantly increased. The expressions of iNOS mRNA, nNOS mRNA, NR1 mRNA, NR2A mRNA, and NR2B mRNA in the hippocampus were significantly increased in the model group. Compared with the model group, Jiaotai Pills high, medium, and low dose and positive drug administration reversed the above changes. Conclusion Jiaotai Pills have the antidepressant effect on depression rats with CUMS by regulating NO-cGMP signal transduction pathway.

Change and significance of serum inflammatory cytokines and pulmonary surface proteins in respiratory failure of full-term infants / 中国新生儿科杂志

Objective To study the changes and significance of inflammatory cytokines and pulmonary surface protein (SP) level in respiratory failure of full-term infants.Method Prospectively selected 30 cases of term baby with respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation and pulmonary surfactant (PS) treatment in BaYi Children's Hospital from May 2016 to January 2017 as case group,while 30 cases of term baby with transient tachypnea or hypoglycemia were control group.Blood samples were collected at the first and third day of hospitalization.The interleukin-6 (IL-6),IL-10,and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were detected by flow cytometry,serum SPs were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method.The statistical analyses were conducted by SPSS 22.0 software.Result The levels of IL-6,IL-10,SP-A,SP-B and SP-C in the case group were significantly higher than those in the control group [IL-6:172.4 (58.4,668.4) ng/L vs.8.3 (5.7,11.2) ng/L,IL-10:10.2 (5.9,31.5) ng/L vs.4.7 (3.6,7.1) ng/L,SP-A:6.94 (2.37,29.64) μg/L vs.0.56 (0.50,0.64) μg/L,SP-B:4.36 (1.99,5.25)μg/L vs.1.44 (1.25,1.79) μg/L,SP-C:0.87 (0.19,2.66) μg/L vs.0.14 (0.10,0.16) μg/L,P ＜0.05].After exogenous PS treatment,serum SP-A,SP-B,SP-C,IL-6 and IL-10 levels in the surviving group were significantly lower comparing with the first day (P ＜ 0.05).The IL-6,SP-A and SP-C levels in the first day death group were significantly higher than those in survival group(P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Inrespiratory failure of full-term infants,serum IL-6 levels are consistent with the SP-A and SP-C levels,and a sustained increase may serve as a potential early biomarker for disease progression.

Risk factors for prognosis of premature infants with septic shock: analysis of 114 cases / 中华围产医学杂志

Objective To investigate the risk factors affecting the prognosis of preterm infants with septic shock. Methods A retrospective study was conducted to analyze the clinical data of 114 preterm children with septic shock admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of the PLA Army General Hospital from February 2014 to January 2017. According to the outcomes, these cases were divided into two groups, the cured group and the death group (including those died after ineffective treatment and withdrawal of treatment). Clinical data including the general clinical data, perinatal risk factors, clinical features and prognosis of the two groups of children, as well as the occurrence of related complications were statistically analyzed by t-test, Wilcoxon nonparametric test, Chi-square test or Fisher's exact probability method. Logistic regression was used to analyze the factors influencing the prognosis. Predictive values of the indicators were evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results (1) Among the 114 patients, 87(76.3%) were cured and 27(23.7%) were dead. (2) In the death group, there were more infants complicated with amniotic fluid pollution, anemia and thrombocytopenia (platelet count <100×109/L) and the C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were higher than those in the cured group [29.6% (8/27) vs 8.1% (7/87), χ2=6.618; 22.2% (6/27) vs 5.9% (5/87), χ2=4.665; 59.3% (16/27) vs 23.3% (20/87), χ2=12.546; 36.0 (1.0-80.0) mg/L vs 7.5 (1.0-25.0) mg/L, Z=2.400], while the hemoglobin level was lower [(122.2±43.3) g/L vs (140.5±34.4) g/L, t=2.260] (all P<0.05). (3) The percentages of infants with patent ductus arteriosus, pulmonary hemorrhage and coagulopathy in the death group were higher than those in the cured group [81.5% (22/27) vs 60.9% (53/87), χ2=3.871; 37.0% (10/27) vs 12.6% (11/87), χ2=6.616;48.2% (13/27) vs 20.7% (18/87), χ2=7.847; all P<0.05]. (4) Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that amniotic fluid contamination, coagulopathy, patent ductus arteriosus and CRP level were risk factors for poor prognosis in neonates (all P<0.05). (5) A total of 77 pathogens were isolated from the 114 infants with 66 in the cured group and 11 in the death group. Pathogens of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and fungi in the cured and death groups accounted for 37.9% (25/66) vs 3/11, 37.9% (25/66) vs 6/11, and 24.2% (16/66) vs 2/11, respectively. No significant difference in pathogen distribution was observed between the two groups. (6) The area under the ROC curve of CRP was 0.649 (P=0.024). When the cut-off value of CRP was set at 31 mg/L, the sensitivity and specificity for predicting adverse outcomes in preterm infants with septic shock were 0.802 and 0.556, respectively, and the Yoden index was 0.358. The area under the ROC curve of thrombocytopenia was 0.708 (P<0.001). When the platelet level was set at 94×109/L, its sensitivity and specificity were 0.767 and 0.593, respectively, and the Yoden index was 0.360. Conclusions Amniotic fluid contamination, patent ductus arteriosus, coagulopathy and elevated CRP are important risk factors for death in preterm infants with septic shock. Thrombocytopenia and persistently elevated CRP has predictive values for the prognosis of preterm infants with sepsis shock.

Increased risk of depression in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a seven-year population-based cohort study

OBJECTIVE: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a costly and crippling autoimmune disease that can lead to the development of depression, contributing to suboptimal clinical outcomes. However, no longitudinal studies have identified an association between rheumatoid arthritis and subsequent depression. This study aimed to investigate the incidence and risk factors of depression among RA patients in Taiwan. METHODS: Using Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database, we identified 3,698 newly diagnosed RA patients aged 18 years or older, together with 7,396 subjects without RA matched by sex, age and index date, between 2000 and 2004. The incidence of depression and the risk factors among RA cases were evaluated using Cox proportional-hazard regression. RESULTS: The incidence of depression was 1.74-fold greater in the RA cohort than in the non-RA cohort (11.80 versus 6.89 per 1,000 person-years; p<0.01). Multivariate analysis showed that RA subjects who were female, were older, or had comorbidities such as stroke, chronic kidney disease, or cancer had a significantly greater risk of depression compared with those without these conditions. CONCLUSION: This population-based cohort study showed a strong relationship between RA and a subsequent risk of depression. The findings could be beneficial to healthcare providers for identifying individuals with a higher predisposition for depression, thereby possibly facilitating the provision of an appropriate rehabilitation intervention after RA onset to support the patient's adaptation. .

Effect of Buyang Huanwu Decoction on Blood-brain Barrier of Focal Crebral Ischemia ;Rats / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of Buyang Huanwu Decoction on blood-brain barrier of focal cerebral ischemia rats, and explore the mechanism of the decoction. Methods The model of focal cerebral ischemia was made by thread embolism method. SD rats were divided randomly into sham-operated group, model group and Buyang Huanwu Decoction group. Buyang Huanwu Decoction group was given Buyang Huanwu Decoction by gavage, the sham-operated group and model group were given normal saline of the same quantity 24 h after modeling. The nervous function deficit scores was evaluated, brain tissues and serum were taken from the rats after treating for seven days, infarct volume was detected by TTC staining, and pathological changes of microvessel were observed microscopically in HE stained sections. And the protein level of MMP-9, MMP-2, VEGF in brain tissue and the serum levels of vWF in serum of every groups were measured by ELISA. Results Compared with model group, Buyang Huanwu Decoction significantly improved the neurological behavior performance, decreased the cerebral infarct volume, alleviated the pathological changes and decreased the protein level of MMP-9, MMP-2, VEGF, vWF. Conclusion Buyang Huanwu Decoction has the protective effect on blood-brain barrier in the model rats of focal cerebral ischemia. The mechanism may be related with restrainning the expression of MMP-9, MMP-2, VEGF, vWF.

Preliminary research on multi-neurotransmitters' change regulation in 120 depression patients' brains / 中国中药杂志

In view of the effective traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in the treatment of clinical depression, the mechanism is not clear, this study attempts to research the cause of depression in a complex situation to lay the foundation for the next step of TCM curative effect evaluation. Based on the brain wave of 120 depression patients and 40 ordinary person, the change regulation of acetylcholine, dopamine, norepinephrine, depression neurotransmitters and excited neurotransmitters in the whole and various encephalic regions' multi-neurotransmitters of depression patients-serotonin are analysed by search of encephalo-telex (SET) system, which lays the foundation for the diagnosis of depression. The result showed that: contrased with the normal person group, the mean value of the six neurotransmitters in depression patients group are: (1) in the whole encephalic region of depression patients group the dopamine fall (P < 0.05), and in the double centralregions, right temporal region and right parietal region distinct fall (P < 0.01); (2) in the right temporal region of depression patients group the serotonin rise (P < 0.05); (3) in the right central region, left parietal region of depression patients group the acetylcholine fall (P < 0.05), left rear temporal region fall obviously (P < 0.01). The correlation research between antagonizing pairs of neurotransmitters and neurotransmitters: (1) the three antagonizing pairs of neurotransmitters-serotonin and dopamine, acetylcholine and norepinephrine, depression neurotransmitters and excited neurotransmitters, in ordinary person group and depression patients group are characterizeed by middle or strong negative correlation. Serotonin and dopamine, which are characterized by weak negative correlation in the right rear temporal region of ordinary person group, are characterized by strong negative correlation in the other encephalic regions and the whole encephalic (ordinary person group except the right rear temporal region: the range of [r] is [0.82, 0.92], P < 0.01)/(depression patients group:the range of [r] is [0.88, 0.94], P < 0.01); acetylcholine and norepinephrine, in the whole and various encephalic region are characterized by middle negative correlation(ordinary person group:the range of [r] is [0.39, 0.76], P < 0.01 or P < 0.05)/(depression patients group: the range of [Ir] is [0.56, 0.64], P < 0.01); depression neurotransmitters and excited neurotransmitters are characterized by middle strong negative correlation (ordinary person group: the range of [r] is [0.57, 0.80], P < 0.01)/(depression patients group: the range of [r] is [0.68, 0.78], P < 0.01). (2) The two neurotransmitters which are not antagonizing pairs of neurotransmitters, serotonin and excited neurotransmitters, or acetylcholine and depression neurotra-nsmitters, or dopamine and depression neurotransmitters in the various encephalic regions are characterized by weak negative correlation. Serotonin and excited neurotransmitters are characterizeed by weak negative correlation (ordinary person group: in the right central region, left parietal region, double front temporal regions, right rear temporal region, the range of [r] is [0.25, 0.50], P < 0.01 or P < 0.05)/(depression patients group: in the whole encephalic regions, double parietal regions, double occipital regions, right front temporal region, left central region, left frontal region, the range of [r] is [0.18, 0.37], P < 0.01 or P < 0.05); acetylcholine and depression, neurotransmitters are characterized by weak negative correlation (ordinary person group: in the double frontal regions, left parietal region, left front temporal region, right rear temporal region, the range of [r] is [0.31, 0.46], P < 0.01 or P < 0.05)/(depression patients group: in double rear temporal regions, right front temporal region, double occipital regions, left central region, the range of [r] is [0.20, 0.32] , P < 0.01 or P < 0.05); do-pamine and depression neurotransmitters are characterized by weak middle negative correlation (ordinary person group: in left parietal region, right central region, left frontal region, left occipital region, double front temporal regions, the range of [r] is [0.33, 0.68], P < 0.01 or P < 0.05)/(depression patients group: in the whole region and other various regions except the left frontal region, right central region, the range of Irl is [0.21, 0.34], P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). Dopamine and acetylcholine or norepinephrine and serotonin are characterized by weak positive correlation in all encephalic regions. Dopamine and acetylcholine are characterized by weak positive correlation (ordinary person group: in left frontal region, right parietal region, left front temporal region and left rear temporal region, the range of [r] is [0.37, 0.46], P < 0.01)/(depression patients group: in the whole region and the orther various regions except the double central regions, the range of [r] is [0.23, 0.5], P < 0.01 or P < 0.05); norepinephrine and serotonin are characterized by weak positive correlation (ordinary person group: in double front temporal regions, double rear temporal regions, right frontal region and left parietal region, the range of [r] is [0.34, 0.48], P < 0.01 or P < 0.05)/(depression patients group: in the whole and various regions, the range of [r] is [0.18, 0.42], P < 0.01). The main differences between the depression patients group and ordinary person group are: (1) In the whole regin, left frontal region and right central region of depression patients group, the six neurotransmitters all fall normally (P < 0.05). (2) The percent of dopamine falling or including dopamine falling, or including dopamine falling and serotonin rising in depression patients group increases. The percent of dopamine falling or including dopamine falling in the whole region, right frontal region, right central region increases (P < 0.01), such as dopamine decreasing, serotonin increasing dopamine decreasing, serotonin increasing acetylcholine decreasing dopamine decreasing, dopamine decreasing norepinephrine increasing depression neurotransmitters decreasing, serotonin increasing acetylcholine decreasing dopamine decreasing neurotransmitters increasing and so on. (3) The percent of acetylcholine falling, or including acetylcholine falling, or including acetylcholine falling and neurotransmitters (beta)-receptor)rising in depression patients group increases. The percent of acetylcholine falling, or including acetylcholine falling in the right temporal region, double central regions increases (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), such as acetylcholine decreasing, acetylcholine decreasing neurotransmitters increaseng, acetylcholine decreasing neurotransmitters increasing depression neurotransmitters decreasing, serotonin increasing acetylcholine decreasing dopamine decreasing neurotransmitters increasing and so on. It's showed in research that depression patients' brain are characterized by multi-neurotransmitters abnormal, the synchronous change of multi-neurotransmitters has some certain regularities, which are not the simple linear relation. It's conformed that the three antagonizing pairs, neurotransmitters-serotonin and dopamine, acetylcholine and norepinephrine, depression eurotransmitters and excited neurotransmitters of ordinary person group and depression patients group, are both characterized by strong antagonizing relation, that the two neurotransmitters which are not antagonizing pairs of neurotransmitters are characterized by weak positive correlation or negative correlation, prompt maybe has the indirect causal relationship. And the change of six neurotransmitters in depression patients' various encephalic regions is rather complex. It's conformed preliminarily that the right frontal region and right central region are characterized by dopamine decreasing, acetylcholine decreasing, serotonin increasing dopamine decreasing, serotonin increasing acetylcholine decreasing dopamine decreasing, dopamine decreasing norepinephrine increasing excited neurotransmitters decreasing, serotonin increasing acetylcholine decreasing dopamine decreasing neurotransmitters increasing, acetylchoine decreasing neurotransmitters increasing, acetylcholine decreasing neurotransmitters increasing excited neurotransmitters decreasing and so on. Contrasted with the ordinary person group, the depression patients group have the notable difference.

Expressions of RASSF1A, Galectin-3 and TPO mRNA in papillary thyroid carcinoma and their clinical significance / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the mRNA expressions of RASSF1A, Galectin-3 and TPO in papillary thyroid carcinoma and some other thyroid benign lesions, and evaluate their diagnostic significance.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect the mRNA expression of RASSF1A, galectin-3 and TPO in the samples from 73 cases, including 23 cases with papillary thyroid cancer, 16 with nodular goiter, 29 with thyroid adenoma and 5 with Hashimoto's disease.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A statistically significant difference in the mRNA expression of RASSF1A, Galectin-3 and TPO was observed between papillary thyroid carcinoma and follicular benign lesions (P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference among various kinds of benign lesions (P>0.05). A negative correlation of the expression of RASSF1A and Galectin-3 mRNA was found between thyroid benign lesions and malignant ones (P = 0.000). While the mRNA expression of RASSF1A and TPO was positively correlated between benign and malignant lesions (P = 0.028).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Loss of expression of RASSF1A and TPO mRNA but high expression of Galectin-3 mRNA in papillary thyroid carcinoma are common. Therefore, the products of these three genes may be closely related to the development of thyroid papillary carcinoma, and may be used as useful markers in differential diagnosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma from the benign lesions. The results are more reliable if this detection method is used in combination with other techniques.</p>

Neuroimagem do transportador de dopamina na doença de Parkinson: primeiro estudo com [99mTc]-TRODAT-1 e SPECT no Brasil / Neuroimaging of the dopamine transporter in ParkinsonÆs disease: first study using [99mTc]-TRODAT-1 and SPECT in Brazil / Neuroimaging of the dopamine transporter in Parkinson's disease: first study using [99mTc]-TRODAT-1 and SPECT in Brazil

INTRODUÇÃO: Radiotraçadores para neuroimagem de transportador de dopamina (TDA) foram desenvolvidos para estimar a perda de neurônios dopaminérgicos in vivo na doença de Parkinson (DP). OBJETIVO: Avaliar a densidade de TDA in vivo utilizando [99mTc]-TRODAT-1 (INER-Taiwan) e SPECT em uma população de pacientes brasileiros com DP. MÉTODO: Quinze pacientes com DP e 15 controles saudáveis pareados realizaram exames de SPECT com [99mTc]-TRODAT-1 (INER-Taiwan). Estimativas da densidade de TDA estriatal foram calculadas usando potencial de ligação (PL). Pacientes foram avaliados com escalas para PD. RESULTADOS: Pacientes com DP apresentaram redução significativa do PL-TDA (0,38±0,12) comparado aos controles (0,84±0,16, p<0,01). Foi possível discriminar casos de DP de controles com uma sensibilidade de 100 por cento e especificidade de 100 por cento. Foram obtidas correlações negativas entre PL-TDA e escalas de severidade da DP (rho= -0,7, p<0,001) e disfunção motora (rho= -0,8, p<0,001). CONCLUSÃO: Exames de SPECT com [99mTc]-TRODAT-1 foram capazes de discriminar pacientes com DP de controles. Esta técnica é um instrumento útil para medir a densidade de TDA e pode ser utilizado para clínica e pesquisa no Brasil.

BACKGROUND: Dopamine transporter (DAT) neuroimaging radiotracers were developed to estimate dopamine neuronal loss in vivo in ParkinsonÆs disease (PD). OBJECTIVE: To evaluate DAT density in vivo using [99mTc]-TRODAT-1 and single photon computerized tomography (SPECT) in a population of Brazilian PD. METHOD: Fifteen PD patients and 15 matched healthy controls scanned with [99mTc]-TRODAT-1 (INER-Taiwan) and SPECT. Estimates of striatum DAT density were calculated using binding potential (BP). Patients were assessed with PD scales. RESULTS: PD patients had significantly lower striatal DAT-BP (mean±SD) (0.38±0.12) compared to controls (BP=0.84±0.16; p<0.01). A 100 percent sensitivity and 100 percent specificity was obtained to discriminate PD cases from controls. Negative correlations between striatal DAT-BP and PD severity (rho= -0.7, p<0.001) and motor scales (rho= -0.80, p<0.001) were found. CONCLUSION: [99mTc]TRODAT-1 SPECTs scanning was able to discriminate PD patients from controls. The technique is a powerful instrument to measure DAT density that can be used in clinical and research settings in Brazil.

Parkinsons disease and dopamine transporter neuroimaging: a critical review / Doença de Parkinson e neuroimagem do transportador de dopamina: uma revisão crítica

Parkinsons disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder that is mainly caused by dopaminergic neuron loss in the substantia nigra. Several nuclear medicine radiotracers have been developed to evaluate PD diagnoses and disease evolution in vivo in PD patients. Positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon computerized emission tomography (SPECT) radiotracers for the dopamine transporter (DAT) provide good markers for the integrity of the presynaptic dopaminergic system affected in PD. Over the last decade, radiotracers suitable for imaging the DAT have been the subject of most efforts. In this review, we provide a critical discussion on the utility of DAT imaging for ParkinsonÆs disease diagnosis (sensitivity and specificity).

A doença de Parkinson (DP) é uma desordem neurodegenerativa causada por perda de neurônios dopaminérgicos na substância negra. Vários traçadores da medicina nuclear têm sido desenvolvidos para avaliar o diagnóstico e acompanhamento da DP. Traçadores para o transportador de dopamina (TDA) utilizados na tomografia por emissão de pósitrons (PET) e tomografia por emissão de fóton único (SPECT) demonstram boa marcação na integridade de sistema dopaminergico pré-sináptico, afetada na DP. Na última década, radiotraçadores apropriados para imagens de TDA têm sido mais estudados. Nesta revisão, provemos uma discussão crítica sobre a utilidade dessas imagens de TDA para o diagnóstico de DP (sensibilidade e especificidade).

Long-term results of prophylactic cranial irradiation for limited-stage small-cell lung cancer in complete remission / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Brain metastasis is one of the most important causes of treatment failure in patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC). This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) on survival and brain metastases for patients with limited stage small cell lung cancer in complete remission.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fifty one patients with limited stage SCLC in complete remission after chemoradiotherapy were randomly divided into PCI group (n = 26) and control group (n = 25). Patients in the PCI group received PCI at a dose of 25.2 to 30.6 Gy in 1.8 to 2.0 Gy per fraction. The Kaplan-Meier method and Log rank test were used to analyse and compare survival rates, and chi(2) test was used to compare the incidences of cranial metastases in two groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There was no significant difference in clinical characteristics of patients such as age, sex, effect of treatment before PCI between the two groups. The incidence of brain metastases was 3.8% in the PCI group in contrast to 32.0% in the control group (chi(2) = 5.15, P = 0.02). The 1, 3, 5-year survival rates were 84.6%, 42.3%, 34.6% respectively in the PCI group and 72.0%, 32.0%, 24.0% respectively in the control group, with no difference between the two groups (chi(2) = 2.25, P = 0.13). No serious sequelae were observed in patients receiving PCI.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>For patients with limited stage SCLC responding completely to chemotherapy plus radiotherapy, PCI can decrease the incidence of brain metastases and improve survival rate.</p>